In terms of business expenditure on R&D, the chart above shows that in 2018/19 Gauteng’s BERD as a percentage of GDP was the highest at 0.44% (down from 0.50% in 2017/18), followed by the Free State at 0.39% (down from 0.45% in 2017/18) and Western Cape at 0.36% (down from 0.44% in 2017/18). The graph shows that BERD as a percentage of GDP in 2009/10 was higher than in 2018/19 for a number of provinces such as the Free State, Gauteng, Western Cape and KZN. BERD as a percentage of GDP was 0.27% for KZN in 2009/10 and has decreased to 0.18% in 2018/19.